Server Migration Record: A Migration Work from Debian to Debian

The main task of this migration is to transfer a server running MCSManager from one Debian server to another new Debian server, specifically involving the following content:

Minecraft Server: Including three server instances:
- Velocity proxy server
- Purpur login server
- Leaves survival server
Bot Services:
- Bots based on the Nonebot / Koishi framework, using the OneBot v11 protocol
- Bots using the official QQ interface

The new server has also been optimized and configured, including the installation of the 1Panel panel, setting up the Zsh terminal, and introducing the plugin manager Zinit.

This migration is not just a replication of the basic environment but also an iteration of the technology stack~

Data Migration#

Using rsync to Improve Transfer Efficiency#

During the migration process, I initially tried using scp for data transfer but found the transfer speed to be less than ideal. Therefore, I switched to rsync, which supports incremental synchronization and displays transfer progress, while performing better in terms of efficiency and flexibility.

The complete command executed is as follows:

rsync -avz --progress --exclude="Config/" ***@192.168.*.*:/opt/mcsmanager/daemon/data/ /opt/mcsmanager/daemon/data/

-a: Archive mode, preserving file permissions, timestamps, and other metadata.
-v: Display detailed output.
-z: Compress data during transfer.
--progress: Display transfer progress.
--exclude="Config/": Exclude specific directories.

With this command, I achieved data synchronization from the old server to the new server, with the entire process being stable and efficient. Additionally, the incremental update feature of rsync is very suitable for scenarios that require multiple debugging migrations, significantly reducing the transfer time for duplicate data.

Installation and Use of 1Panel#

What is 1Panel#

1Panel is a modern open-source Linux operation and maintenance management panel designed to improve server management efficiency by simplifying operations. It has the following main advantages:

Efficient Management: Achieves host monitoring, file management, database management, and other functions through a web graphical interface.
Quick Site Building: Deeply integrates open-source site-building tools, such as WordPress and Halo, supporting one-click domain binding and SSL configuration.
App Store: Provides a rich collection of high-quality open-source tools and applications that users can quickly install and upgrade.
Safe and Reliable: Built-in firewall and log auditing functions enhance system security, while container technology reduces vulnerability exposure.
One-Click Backup: Supports backups to local or cloud storage, easily ensuring data security.

Installation Steps#

The process of installing 1Panel is very simple, and can be completed using the following command:

curl -sSL https://resource.fit2cloud.com/1panel/package/quick_start.sh -o quick_start.sh && bash quick_start.sh

Migration#

MariaDB
phpMyAdmin
Koishi
Qinglong
DDNS-Go
Uptime-Kuma
Alist
Redis

The migration of these is particularly simple, just transferring the contents of /opt/1panel/apps one by one using rsync.

If you're really too lazy, I recommend migrating the entire directory of /opt/1panel directly, tested and feasible (

If you're interested in one of the migrations, please leave a message, and I might write another article.

Configuration of Zsh Terminal#

Why Zinit#

When configuring the terminal for the new server, I chose Zinit as the plugin manager for Zsh instead of the commonly used Oh My Zsh. The reason is Zinit's lightweight and high performance. Compared to Oh My Zsh, Zinit loads plugins faster and does not affect terminal startup time.

Zinit can be understood as "vim-plug" for Zsh, while Oh My Zsh is more like a complete framework (similar to SpaceVim). This lightweight feature allows me to flexibly customize the terminal environment according to my needs without introducing additional redundant features.

Installing Zsh#

First, I installed Zsh using the following command:

apt install zsh

Installing Zinit#

Next, I ran the following command to install Zinit:

bash -c "$(curl --fail --show-error --silent --location https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zdharma-continuum/zinit/HEAD/scripts/install.sh)"

After installation, I added the following configuration to the .zshrc file to load commonly used plugins (adding directly will automatically download them):

# The four kings of zsh packages
zinit light zsh-users/zsh-completions
zinit light zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions
zinit light zsh-users/zsh-history-substring-search
zinit light zdharma-continuum/fast-syntax-highlighting
zinit light romkatv/powerlevel10k

# Oh My Zsh features
zinit snippet OMZ::lib/completion.zsh
zinit snippet OMZ::lib/history.zsh
zinit snippet OMZ::lib/key-bindings.zsh
zinit snippet OMZ::lib/theme-and-appearance.zsh

# Key binding
bindkey '^[[A' history-substring-search-up
bindkey '^[[B' history-substring-search-down
bindkey ',' autosuggest-accept

# Others
zinit load djui/alias-tips

Detailed Explanation of Plugin Functions#

zsh-users/zsh-completions:
Extends Zsh's auto-completion capabilities, supporting advanced completion for common tools (like git, docker), improving input efficiency.
zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions:
Provides real-time command suggestions, automatically completing based on history and context, reducing repetitive input.
zsh-users/zsh-history-substring-search:
Supports quick searching of historical commands by substring, making history queries more convenient with key bindings.
zdharma-continuum/fast-syntax-highlighting:
Implements command syntax highlighting, marking erroneous commands in red and correct commands in green, helping to quickly locate input errors.
romkatv/powerlevel10k:
A high-performance terminal theme that provides rich visual effects and information display (such as Git status, network status, etc.), with extremely fast loading speed.
OMZ::lib/completion.zsh:
Enhances Zsh's auto-completion capabilities, working in conjunction with zsh-completions.
OMZ::lib/history.zsh:
Optimizes the management of Zsh's history records, supporting persistence and quick invocation.
OMZ::lib/key-bindings.zsh:
Provides more intuitive key binding functionality, enhancing terminal interaction.
OMZ::lib/theme-and-appearance.zsh:
Controls Zsh's theme and appearance settings, working best with Powerlevel10k.
djui/alias-tips:
Provides alias suggestion functionality, for example, when entering git status, it will suggest defined aliases (like gst).

Installing x-cmd Tool#

Introduction to x-cmd#

After the migration was completed, I also tried installing the x-cmd tool. It is a lightweight tool written in POSIX Shell, with the following features:

No root permissions required: Comes with a package manager and can run without superuser privileges.
Modular design: Code is organized in modules (mod), providing high flexibility.
Ready to use: Simple installation allows it to be used in various operation and maintenance scenarios.

Installation Steps#

The command to install x-cmd is as follows:

eval "$(curl https://get.x-cmd.com)"

The package management feature of x-cmd allows me to easily install some standalone tools without relying on system-level package managers, which is very convenient!

This article was synchronized and updated to xLog by Mix Space. The original link is https://ling.tblstudio.cn/posts/default/server-migration-with-rsync-and-zsh